This antenna is designed for gps l1, pcs, imt2000, and wll frequency bands. A design of rectangular patch antenna with fractal slots for. The proposed antenna design is based on the 3rd iteration. Interesting 433mhz mini pcb fractal antenna page 1. We then repeat that same process on each triangle this is the iteration method that will give rise to the fractal. The structures on the usb dongle are much too small to have any noticeable influence on the properties of the patch as an antenna at 433mhz. One of the properties of fractals geometry is that it can have an infinite length while fitting in a fin. Highgain stacked minkowski fractal patch antenna with. A dielectric resonatorloaded minkowski fractalshaped slot loop.
Minkowski fractal reader antenna composed of three layers designed for. I have in plan to build this simple fractal minkowski antenna for my next short wave radio. So, the fractal antenna used in many wireless applications like wlan bands are 2. Fractal and polar microstrip antennas and arrays for wireless. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to be fabricated. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective. A mems broadband microstrip patch antenna based on minkowski fractal boundary is designed. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband applications. Design of minkowskikoch fractal planar antenna structures. Dec 29, 2016 i have in plan to build this simple fractal minkowski antenna for my next short wave radio. Antenna designers are always looking to come up with new ideas to push the envelope for antennas, using a smaller volume while striving for every higher bandwidth and antenna gain. Fractal means irregular fragments which are the set of complex geometry. Feb 11, 2015 hfsss microstrip patch antenna design part1basics of antenna design using hfss software duration.
A presentation on rectangular fractal antenna designed by mit students presented at technical exhibition 2014. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band. Nathan cohen professor of boston university designed, engineered and patented many practical fractal antenna solutions. A new fractalbased miniaturized dual band patch antenna for. The cst simulated results show that when minkowski fractal microstrip antenna is designed, the antenna operates with two frequency bands for return loss of19.
An air layer is designed in the antennas high resistance silicon substrate by mems technology and microstrip patch antenna with second degree iteration minkowski fractal boundary is simulated. Journal of computingdesign and simulation of miniaturized. Fractal antenna designs are used for making wideband antennas, not. Figure 11a shows dimensions and shapes of the teragons. Wireless applications, wlan, fractal microstrip patch antenna. Among the usual antennas used in todays data transfer, there are also different type of antennas used. Jaafer 3 1college of science, babylon university, hilla, iraq email. Majid faculty of electrical engineering department of radio communication engineering universiti teknologi malaysia skudai, johor 810, malaysia abstractthis paper describes the design and. The antenna is centre fed by a microstrip of size 4mm x 2mm in one case and 3. Performance characteristics of the minkowski curve fractal. Ghz for wireless energy harvesting by deep brain stimulation dbs devices. The element length for each side of square or triangle is 4mm. It is named after the german mathematician hermann minkowski and the french mathematician georges. Apart from this, it can be used for various other applications as well because of its multiband feature.
The antenna is fed by microstrip feeding technique. A compact multiband minkowskilike prefractal mlpf microstrip patch antenna is proposed. Fractal antennas part1 see other formats nathan chip cohen, n1ir 2 ledgewood place belmont, massachusetts 02178 fractal antennas part 1 introduction and the fractal quad rt1he objective of an antenna is to efficiently radiate or receive a signal, presumably a with significant directivity and gain. This paper designed a ceramic minkowski fractal antenna used in rfid system. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual. Pdf minkowski fractal microstrip antenna for rfid tags. Fractal patch antenna for aerospacenavigation authorstream. Antenna configurations to be created, such as in figure 2, is the monopole antenna square patch with fractal geometry of minkowski on a modified at second iteration and on its groundplane. The proposed minkowski koch fractal patch antenna structure is shown in fig. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band at. A superstrate is added above the ground plane in order to increase the gain.
A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. It is named after the german mathematician hermann minkowski and the french mathematician georges bouligand to calculate this dimension for a fractal. Mpa is a simple patch antenna which consists of radiated patch component, dielectric substrate and ground plane. Multiband fractal patch antenna has been designed using minkowski fractal geometry. The designed antenna, physically being confined inside a miniaturized structure, can efficiently convert the wireless signals in dual ism frequency bands to the energy source to recharge the dbs.
Mpa is a simple patch antenna which consists of radiated patch component, dielectric. Analysis of fractal antenna was done by using the software named cst microwave studio suite 12. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is taken as the generator of the fractal antenna. The available fractal geometries are koch, minkowski, mendar, hilbert. As one of the key technology of rfid, the antenna design decides the rfid system performance. On the performance properties of the minkowski island fractal. The most popular models for the analysis of microstrip patch antennas are the transmission line model, cavity model, and fullwave model which include primarily integral equationsmoment method. It used minkowski fractal structure as the radiation patch and the high performance ceramic material to reduce the antenna size, then improve it with rectangular joint structure in the antenna s ground plate. Fractal minkowski sw antenna the radioboard forums. Aperturecoupled antenna, minkowski fractal antenna, particle swarm optimization, rfid. According to our investigation, the web does not offer much information on. Figure 1 illustrates some examples of these antennas fabricated using pcb.
In fractal geometry, the minkowskibouligand dimension, also known as minkowski dimension or boxcounting dimension, is a way of determining the fractal dimension of a set s in a euclidean space r n, or more generally in a metric space x, d. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based on minkowski like pre fractal geometry mohammed fadhil hasan received on. The first work is started by designing a normal minkowski patch antenna. After that, a pair of dgssrr had been added to the ground plane of the antenna. The maximum simulated gain of the antenna with superstrate reaches 14. H shaped fractal patch antenna is obtained by three iterations of fractal geometry to form selfsimilar geometry. The main problem that these designs face is to have. Such fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel. Pdf design and fabrication of a flexible minkowski fractal. A miniaturization of loop antenna using the fractal technique is known as minkowski square loop antenna. Figure5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna. Hilbert curve is used as complementary split ring resonator to investigate the effect of the fractal shape in size reduction. Jun 10, 2014 a presentation on rectangular fractal antenna designed by mit students presented at technical exhibition 2014.
A design of rectangular patch antenna with fractal slots. A highgain stacked minkowski fractal patch antenna with superstrate and hshaped aperture coupling for 60ghz communication is proposed. The designed antenna, physically being confined inside a miniaturized structure, can efficiently convert the wireless signals in dual ism frequency bands to the energy source to recharge the dbs battery or. It used minkowski fractal structure as the radiation patch and the high performance ceramic material to reduce the antenna size, then improve it with rectangular joint structure. The resulting size of the mplf makes it suitable only to be placed on the back of users. In previous work, complementary minkowski structure is located at the middle of the patch of antenna to generate a new. Design of a small modified minkowski fractal antenna for passive. The antenna consists of a square patch with the patch width ws, the feeder to match the impedance. A fractal antenna uses a selfsimilar design to maximize the length of a material in a total surface area. Design of a mems broadband microstrip patch antenna based on. It should be pointed out that the area of m1 is 37. Hf fractal antennas offer a very compact size, a good performance and a large bandwidth, but are very unusual aerials. On the performance properties of the minkowski island. Design of a small modified minkowski fractal antenna for.
Iteration 2 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna. To make the antenna efficient in dual frequency bands, we apply the minkowski fractal miniaturization technique to the square patch to increase the length of the. Design and analysis of circular fractal array based micro. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband. A compact multiband minkowski like pre fractal mlpf microstrip patch antenna is proposed. Since the radiation pattern of the minkowski fractal antenna is uniform and identical to that of a traditional hwd antenna, it can be used in nearly any type of wireless communications receiver.
Design and fabrication of a flexible minkowski fractal. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based on minkowskilike prefractal geometry mohammed fadhil hasan received on. The mpa and fractal antenna almost fulfill all the market needs and exhibits multiband and wideband characteristics. I say simple and yes it is simple,in fact for this antenna i will use ordinary telephone eu wire plastic isolation 0. Prefractal teragons were developed with a scale factor of r 6 and number of copies, n 18. The simulated results show that the optimized fractal antenna has less than 37 db return loss, more than 65% reduction in patch area and, more than 4 db gains. Thus, a minkowskilike prefractal mplf antenna is chosen as the basis in this work, due to the presence of the slits, which increase the current path length, it is easy to miniaturize.
Fractal geometries are different from euclidean geometries which have two common properties. Fractal antennas for wireless communication systems. Return loss curve of minkowski fractal antenna 5 compact multiband fractal antenna works on 2. One proposed method of increasing bandwidth or shrinking antenna size is via the use of fractal geometry, which gives rise to fractal antennas. To feed the antenna coaxial cable is used from the backside of the pcb where the. A comparison of minkowski, compact multiband and microstrip. Fractal antenna systems is a world leader in rf and electromagnetic innovation.
A new fractalbased miniaturized dual band patch antenna. Fractal antenna fractal term was first coined by benoit mandelbrot in 1983 to classify the structure whose dimensions were not whole numbers. Design of fractal circular patch microstrip antenna for. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based on. I started building two minkowski loop type models on standard fr4 epoxy glass fibre board for 28. A small planar modified minkowski fractal antenna is designed and simulated in dual frequency bands 2. Design and simulation of miniaturized multiband fractal. Our fractal antennas and metamaterials allow us to deliver the top performing wideband rf solutions on the market. Introducing multiband and wideband microstrip patch. Fractal and polar microstrip antennas and arrays for. By applying the same procedure on m1, the minkowski island fractal of second iteration m2 is obtained. It is very popular because it can be printed directly on the printed circuit board pcb. Design of a flexible minkowskilike prefractal mlpf.
Pre fractal teragons were developed with a scale factor of r 6 and number of copies, n 18. The starting geometry of the minkowski fractal antenna is the initiator square patch, and the successive iterations of fractal antenna is obtained by replacing each of the four straight sides of the starting structure with the generator with indentation as shown in the figure 3. Iteration 1 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna. Computeraided design cad of microstrip antennas and arrays using fractal and. It has been shown that the selfsimilarity properties of the fractal shapes can be successfully applied to the design of multiband fractal microstrip patch antennas. Hfsss microstrip patch antenna design part1basics of antenna design using hfss software duration. A design of microstrip patch antenna using hybrid fractal. Minkowski gasket is one of the earliest structures of fractal geometry. The minkowski island fractal of one iteration m1 is formed by displacing the middle third of each side by some fraction of. Antenna, microstrip, fractal, minkowski, dual band. Minkowski fractal patch antenna is shown in figure 3. The proposed minkowskikoch fractal patch antenna structure is shown in fig.
Fractal antenna minkowski is one type of antenna a basic square shape square patch where there are parts that are removed are symmetrical and make use of the properties and characteristics of fractal geometry, namely self similiarity, repetition and scaling. Multiband fractal microstrip patch antenna for wireless. Square patch antenna dimensions are calculated according to, 28, 34. Chip cohen w1yw n1ir one of the first to implement fractals in antenna modelling, patented the design and founded the fractal antenna systems company. The first fractal antenna is based on the koch curve geometry. Determination of dimensions in geometry can be done in several.
I hereby declared that i have read this report and from my point view. Compact singlefeed circularly polarized aperturecoupled stack antenna with minkowskiislandbased fractal patch. The design of ceramic minkowski fractal antenna scientific. Minkowski fractal antenna is implemented on a printed circuit board that is small enough to fit within the telephone housing. The proposed wearable teragon patch antennas are based on a square patch antenna with displaced microstrip line feed. First publications about electrodynamic characteristics of fractal structures were published in the 1980s, but the first practical approach appeared after 10 years. The superior hpbw performance of the minkowski fractal antenna over the hwd antenna is another benefit of the design.
Microwave and optical technology letters, 54 10, 22782283. Nov 30, 2016 fractal antenna fractal term was first coined by benoit mandelbrot in 1983 to classify the structure whose dimensions were not whole numbers. While the minkowski fractal antenna has gain for dual bands, for example 7. Jaafar 3 1college of science, babylon university hilla, iraq, email. This superior performance makes our technology critical to enable the future of wireless. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based. One foreseen associated problem with the antenna design for airplanes is that a single antenna supports multiple frequencies and consumes less space hence a fractal patch antenna is designed in this thesis work that has desired multiband resonance and compact profile. Engineering in this paper, minkowski fractal antenna for bluetooth application has been designed. Iteration 2 makes for 18 total triangles that make up the antenna. Minkowski fractal antenna has been designed by applying three iterations of fractal geometry to form selfsimilar structures. Minkowski island is the advanced technique of the minkowski fractal design. A design of microstrip patch antenna using hybrid fractal slot for.
Pdf a design of microstrip patch antenna using hybrid fractal slot. Figure 5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna. Study the characteristics of an antenna fractal for instance, the return loss, vswr, input impedance and radiation pattern prove that fractal shaped antennas have multiband behaviour design a cohenminkowski monopole with ansoft hfss see chapter4 and ads see chapter5 antenna implementation comparison between simulation and developed antennas. Then different p on the influence on the broadband performance of the antenna is discussed. Then, three units of dmssrr had been added to the front side of the minkowski fractal antenna.
It has been shown that the selfsimilarity properties of the fractal shapes can be successfully applied to. Design of minkowski koch fractal planar antenna structures. Fractal antenna constructions do it easy with scienceprog. Ultra wideband octagonal fractal antenna using minkowski. Fractal antenna for aerospace navigation slideshare. In this paper the rectangular patch antenna with fractal slots for multiband applications is designed. Minkowski fractal antenna design with dmssrr and dgssrr. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to be fabricated and has successfully demonstrated wideband characteristics. The aim of the project is test if fractal antennas can work acceptably on hf bands. The pattern cut is orthogonal to the plane of the loop fig. Comparison between simulated gain of conventional microstrip patch and minkowski fractal antennas. Study the characteristics of an antenna fractal for instance, the return loss, vswr, input impedance and radiation pattern prove that fractal shaped antennas have multiband behaviour design a cohen minkowski monopole with ansoft hfss see chapter4 and ads see chapter5 antenna implementation comparison between simulation and developed antennas.
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